اسرائيل لن تفلت من العقاب طويلا

كريج مخيبر محامٍ دولي في مجال حقوق الإنسان والمدير السابق لمكتب نيويورك لمفوضية الأمم المتحدة السامية لحقوق الإنسان، والذي استقال من منصبه في عام 2023 وكتب رسالة انتشرت الآن على نطاق واسع حول الإبادة الجماعية وإخفاقات الأمم المتحدة.
Mr. Craig Mokhiber
https://sdgs.un.org/panelists/mr-craig-mokhiber-29717#:~:text=Craig%20Mokhiber%20is%20a%20-dir-ector,served%20the%20UN%20since%201992.
فيليس بينيس زميلة في معهد الدراسات السياسية وتعمل كمستشارة دولية لمنظمة الصوت اليهودي من أجل السلام. في عام 1999، رافقت بينيس مجموعة من مساعدي الكونجرس إلى العراق، لدراسة تأثير العقوبات الاقتصادية التي تقودها الولايات المتحدة على الظروف الإنسانية هناك.
Phyllis Bennis
https://ips-dc.org/ips-authors/phyllis-bennis/
كتب الاثنان الآن مقالة في Counter Punch بعنوان
A Crack in the 75-Year-Old Wall of Impunity: South Africa’s Court Challenge of Israeli Genocide.
-صدع في جدار الإفلات من العقاب الممتد منذ 75 عاماً: طعن محكمة جنوب أفريقيا في الإبادة الجماعية الإسرائيلية-
اترجمها ادناه.
--------
كان عام 1948 عام السخرية المأساوية.
وشهد ذلك العام اعتماد كل من الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان واتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لمنع جريمة الإبادة الجماعية والمعاقبة عليها، اللذان وعدا معاً بعالم تتم فيه حماية حقوق الإنسان في ظل سيادة القانون. وفي العام نفسه، تبنت جنوب أفريقيا نظام الفصل العنصري، ونفذت القوات الإسرائيلية النكبة، وهي عملية تهجير جماعية عنيفة لمئات الآلاف من الفلسطينيين. اعتمد كلا النظامين على الدعم الاستعماري الغربي.

باختصار، ولدت حركة حقوق الإنسان الدولية الحديثة في عالم من التناقضات الاستعمارية العنصرية. وبعد مرور خمسة وسبعين عاماً، يراقب العالم برعب إسرائيل وهي تواصل النكبة خلال تطهيرها العرقي المنهجي الذي دام أشهراً طويلة في غزة - مرة أخرى بالتواطؤ مع الحكومات الغربية القوية بقيادة الولايات المتحدة.

قوبلت أهوال النكبة الأصلية بعقود من الإفلات المطلق من العقاب لإسرائيل، مما أدى إلى تغذية المزيد من العنف. ولكن هذه المرة، بعد ثلاثة عقود من الإطاحة بنظام الفصل العنصري في جنوب أفريقيا، تتولى "أمة قوس قزح" في مرحلة ما بعد الفصل العنصري زمام المبادرة في تحدي هجوم الإبادة الجماعية الذي ترتكبه إسرائيل.
("أمة قوس قزح" هو مصطلح صاغه رئيس الأساقفة ديزموند توتو لوصف جنوب أفريقيا ما بعد الفصل العنصري بعد أول انتخابات ديمقراطية في جنوب أفريقيا في عام 1994. ط.ا)

في 29 ديسمبر/كانون الأول، أصبحت جنوب أفريقيا الدولة الأولى التي تقدم طلباً إلى السلطة القضائية العليا للأمم المتحدة، محكمة العدل الدولية، لبدء إجراءات الإبادة الجماعية ضد إسرائيل بسبب "الأفعال التي تم التهديد بها، أو تبنيها، أو التغاضي عنها، أو اتخاذها من قبل حكومة وجيش دولة إسرائيل ضد الشعب الفلسطيني”.
APPLICATION INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGS
https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20231228-app-01-00-en.pdf

وبتفاصيل مؤلمة ومرعبة، تصف وثيقة جنوب أفريقيا المؤلفة من 84 صفحة سلسلة من الأعمال الإسرائيلية بأنها "ذات طابع إبادة جماعية، لأنها ترتكب بنية محددة مبيتة... لتدمير الفلسطينيين في غزة كجزء من المجموعة الوطنية والعنصرية والإثنية الفلسطينية الأوسع."

حصيلة مروعة للمدنيين في غزة والضفة الغربية
كان عام 2023 هو العام الأكثر دموية في الأراضي الفلسطينية منذ تدمير فلسطين التاريخية وتأسيس دولة إسرائيل.

في النصف الأول من العام، كانت الهجمات الإسرائيلية على الفلسطينيين في الضفة الغربية قد وصلت بالفعل إلى ذروتها، مع موجات متتالية من الاعتقالات الجماعية، ومذابح المستوطنين، والهجمات العسكرية ضد البلدات الفلسطينية ومخيمات اللاجئين،
While a Fire Rages in Gaza, the West Bank Smolders
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/22/while-fire-rages-gaza-west-bank-smolders
بما في ذلك التطهير العرقي لقرى بأكملها.
UN expert warns of new instance of mass ethnic cleansing of Palestinians, calls for immediate ceasefire
https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/10/un-expert-warns-new-instance-mass-ethnic-cleansing-palestinians-calls

وفي الوقت نفسه، كان الملايين من المدنيين في غزة يعانون من مصاعب لا تطاق في ظل الحصار الذي تفرضه إسرائيل منذ 17 عاماً.

في 7 أكتوبر/تشرين الأول، شن مسلحون من غزة هجوما مدمرا على أهداف عسكرية ومدنية إسرائيلية واحتجزوا أكثر من 200 عسكري ومدني رهائن. وفي عمل مروع من أعمال العقاب الجماعي الجماعي، قامت إسرائيل على الفور بقطع كل الغذاء والماء والأدوية والوقود والكهرباء عن 2.3 مليون مدني فلسطيني محاصرين في غزة. ثم بدأت حملة إبادة لا هوادة فيها من خلال القصف المكثف والضربات الصاروخية، أعقبها غزو على مستوى الأرض جلب تقارير صادمة عن مذابح، وإعدامات خارج نطاق القضاء، والتعذيب، والضرب، والاعتقالات الجماعية للمدنيين.

ومنذ ذلك الحين قُتل أكثر من 22 ألف مدني
Israel maintains onslaught as Gaza death toll tops 22,000
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/2/israeli-bombardment-ongoing-as-death-toll-surpasses-22000
وما زال العدد في ازدياد في غزة، غالبيتهم العظمى من الأطفال والنساء - إلى جانب أعداد قياسية من الصحفيين
The War in Gaza Has Been Deadly for Journalists
https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-war-in-gaza-has-been-deadly-for-journalists
وعدد أكبر من عمال الإغاثة التابعين للأمم المتحدة مقارنة بأي حالة صراع أخرى.
UN mourns the deaths of more than 100 aid workers in Gaza, the highest number killed in any conflict in its history
https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/14/middleeast/united-nations-staff-deaths-gaza-intl-hnk/index.html
وما زال الآلاف غيرهم من المدنيين محاصرين تحت الأنقاض، ميتون او يموتون نتيجة لإصابات لم يتم علاجها، ويموت الآن عدد أكبر بسبب الأمراض المتفشية الناجمة عن حرمان إسرائيل لهم من المياه النظيفة والرعاية الطبية،
Diseases spread in Gaza amid health system collapse, Israeli strikes
https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/12/15/photos-amid-deadly-israeli-strikes-people-in-gaza-face-a-storm-of-diseases
حتى مع استمرار الهجوم العسكري الإسرائيلي. لقد تم إجبار 85% من سكان غزة على ترك منازلهم.
Most of Gaza’s Population Remains Displaced and in Harm’s Way
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/20/most-gazas-population-remains-displaced-and-harms-way
والآن بدأ التجويع الذي تفرضه إسرائيل كنهج مترسخ .
How Experts Believe Starvation Is Being Utilized in Gaza
https://time.com/6552740/gaza-israel-starvation-hunger/

المعيار القانوني للإبادة الجماعية
لقد أصيب محللو الإبادة الجماعية ومحامو حقوق الإنسان والناشطون والمتخصصون في جميع أنحاء العالم - وهم ليسوا غرباء عن القسوة الإنسانية - بالصدمة من وحشية أفعال إسرائيل والتصريحات العلنية الوقحة عن نية الإبادة الجماعية من قبل القادة الإسرائيليين. لقد دق المئات من هؤلاء الخبراء ناقوس الخطر بشأن الإبادة الجماعية في غزة، مشيرين إلى التوافق الدقيق بين تصرفات إسرائيل ونوايا مسؤوليها المعلنة من ناحية، والمحظورات المنصوص عليها في اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لمكافحة الإبادة الجماعية من ناحية أخرى.
Public Statement: Scholars Warn of Potential Genocide in Gaza
https://twailr.com/public-statement-scholars-warn-of-potential-genocide-in-gaza/
(الموقعون
Aanchal Saraf, Dartmouth College
Aaron Seymour, Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney
Aasiya Lodhi, Senior Lecturer, University of Westminster.
Abdelghany Sayed, Assistant Lecturer, PhD Candidate, Kent Law School.
Abdullah Omran, PhD student, Indiana University
Abigail Balbale, New York University
Adalmir Marquetti, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS).
Adam Elliott-Cooper, Lecturer, School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London
Adil Hasan Khan, Melbourne Law School
Adrian Carrillo Gomez, PhD student, Deusto University.
Afshin Matin-Asgari, Professor of Middle East history, California State University, Los Angeles
Ahmad Al-Dissi, Professor, University of Saskatchewan
Ahmad Fouad, Lecturer of Law, the British University in Egypt
Ahmad Khaled, PhD, Assistant Professor of Public Law, Birzeit University.
Ahmad Mustafa, Ph.D. student at the University of Kansas
Ahmed Abofoul, International Lawyer, Legal Researcher and Advocacy Officer at Al-Haq Organisation
Ahmed Selim, PhD Student, University of Chicago
Ahmet Ferhat Baran, PhD Student, University of Aberdeen.
Ajantha Subramanian, Professor, City University of New York.
Alba Valenciano-Mañé, post-doctoral researcher, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
Albert Caramés, Adjunct Professor, Blanquerna – Ramon Llull University
Alessandra Mezzadri SOAS Reader in Global Development and Political Economy
Alessandro Donadio Miebach, Adjunct Professor, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
Alexander D. Barder, Professor of International Relations, Florida International University
Alexandre Abreu, Assistant Professor, ISEG-Lisbon School of Economics and Management.
Alfredo Alietti, Professor, University of Ferrara Italy
Ali Cebeci, PhD, Georgetown University
Ali Raza, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences
Alice Panepinto, Reader, School of Law, Queen’s University Belfast
Alicia Campos Serrano, Profesora Titular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Alison Phipps, UNESCO, Chair University of Glasgow
Alma Khasawnih, The College of New Jersey
Alyosxa Tudor, Reader in Gender Studies, SOAS University of London.
Alyssa Kristeller, Graduate Student Georgetown University.
Aman, Associate Professor of Legal Practice, Jindal Global University
Amber De Clerck, PhD Student & Teaching Assistant, Ghent University, Belgium
Amber Lakhani, PhD Candidate & GTA, SOAS University of London.
Amina Adanan, Lecturer in Law, Maynooth University
Amira Abdelhamid, Lecturer in International Relations, University of Portsmouth
Amy Strecker, Associate Professor of Law, University College Dublin
Anamika Misra, Associate Lecturer, University of Bristol.
Anand Sheombar, researcher & lecturer, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht
Anand Vaidya, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Reed College
Ananya Chakravarti, Associate Professor of History, Georgetown University
Anas Karzai, Laurentian University, Canada
Anastasiya Kotova, Doctoral candidate, Lund University
Anchita Dasgupta, Oxford Law Faculty
Andrea Cornwall, Professor of Global Development and Anthropology, King’s College London.
Andrea Gadberry, Associate Professor, NYU
Andrea Maria Pelliconi, Teaching Associate, University of Nottingham
Andrea Mura, Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London
Andrea Teti, Associate Professor of Political Science, Univeristy of Salerno, Italy
Andrew Bush, Assistant Professor, Bard College
Andrew Woolford, PhD, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Manitoba
Angana Chatterji, University of California, Berkeley.
Angela Daly, Professor of Law & Technology, University of Dundee.
Angela Smith, Sessional Academic, University of New South Wales
Angela Zito, Anthropology/Religious Studies, NYU
Anita H. Fábos, Professor, International Development, Community & Environment Department, Clark University
Anita Rupprecht, University of Brighton
Anjali Arondekar, Professor, Feminist Studies, UCSC
Anna Bigelow, Stanford University.
Anna Ferguson, Georgetown University
Anna Rosellini, University of Bologna
Anna-Claire Steffen, PhD Candidate, UMass Amherst
Annaclaudia Martini, Assistant Professor at University of Bologna, Italy
Annapurna Menon, Teaching Associate, University of Sheffield
Anne Berg, Assistant Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania.
Anne Hunnell Chen, Assistant Professor of Art History and visual culture, Bard College
Anne Norton, Professor, University of Pennsylvania
Anne-Claire Defossez, Researcher, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton
Anneke Newman, Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Ghent
Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi, Barnard College, Columbia University
Anthony Alessandrini, Professor, City University of New York
Anthony Gorman, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh.
Anton Shammas, Prof. Emeritus of Middle East Literatures, University of Michigan
Antonio Scialà, Università Roma Tre, Italy
Antonio Y. Vazquez-Arroyo, Associate Professor, Rutgers University-Newark.
Aoife Daly, Professor of Law, School of Law, University College Cork
Arathi Sriprakash, University of Oxford
Ardi Imseis, Professor of International Law, Queen’s University
Arun Kundnani, independent scholar and writer
Arzu Somalı, PhD student, University of Istanbul.
Aseil Abu-Baker, Legal Consultant.
Ashok Kumar, Senior Lecturer of Political Economy, Birkbeck University.
Aslı Bâli, Professor of Law, Yale University
Astrid Mrkich, refugee lawyer, Toronto, Canada
Ata Hindi, Birzeit University.
Atiya Habeeb Kidwai, retired Professor, Jawharlal Nehru University, India
Avital Ronell, University Professor of the Humanities, NYU
Ayça Çubukçu, Associate Professor in Human Rights, LSE
Ayesha Khalid Chaudhry, Doctoral candidate at Deakin University Australia
Ayesha Umaña Dajud, JSD student, Cornell University
Ayushman Bhagat, Lecturer, Brunel University London
Azam Khatam, Instructor, York University
Azeezah Kanji, legal academic and journalist
Badreddine Rachidi, Graduate Student & Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University.
Baki Tezcan, Professor of History, University of California, Davis
Banah Ghadbian, Assistant Professor Of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman College
Barbara Aiolfi, research fellow University of Milan – BICOCCA
Barbara De Poli, Associate Professor, Ca’ Foscari University Venice
Barry Trachtenberg, Rubin Presidential Chair of Jewish History, Wake Forest University, North Carolina.
Basheer Ahmad, Retired professor, JNU, New Delhi
Bashir Saade, Lecturer in Politics and Religion, University of Stirling
Bayan Abusneineh, Assistant Professor, Ohio State University
Ben Golder, Professor, UNSW
Ben Whitham, Lecturer in International Relations, SOAS University of London
Ben Wiedel-Kaufmann, Lecturer, The Open University.
Benjamin Selwyn, Professor of International Relations and Development, University of Sussex.
Benjamin Thorne, Lecturer in Law, University of Kent
Berklee Baum, DPhil, University of Oxford
Besan Jaber, Georgetown University
Bielasan Tareq Zaina, PhD Student, Georgetown University
Bikrum Gill, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Virginia Tech
Bilal Maanaki, University of Virginia
Bilge Yesil, City University of New York
Bircan Ciytak, Research Fellow, University of Birmingham
Birgul Kutan, University of Sussex
Bishnupriya Ghosh, Professor, UC Santa Barbara
Blanca Camps-Febrer, Adjunct Lecturer, Autonomous University of Barcelona
Brannon Ingram, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, North-western University
Brendan Ciaran Browne, Assistant Professor, School of Religion, Theology and Peace Studies, Trinity College Dublin
Brenna Bhandar, Associate Professor, Allard Law Faculty
Brian McMahon, Lecturer in Sociology and Mindfulness-Based Wellbeing, Munster Technological University
Bridget Guarasci, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Franklin & Marshall College
Bruce Robbins, Columbia University
Bruna A. Gonçalves, PhD Researcher, European University Institute
Cahal McLaughlin, Professor, School of Arts, English and Languages Queen’s University Belfast
Camila Vergara, Senior Lecturer, University of Essex
Camilo Pérez-Bustillo, Executive -dir-ector, National Lawyers’ Guild – San Francisco Bay Area chapter
Carla Winston, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, University of Melbourne
Carles Fernández-Torné, Adjunct Professor in transitional justice and conflict analysis, Ramon Llull University
Carlo Caprioglio, Legal Clinic on Migration and Asylum, Università Roma Tre
Carlo Leget, Professor of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies.
Carlos Bichet, Assistant Professor, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas , Universidad de Panama
Catherine Charrett, Senior Lecturer, International Relations, University of Westminster.
Catherine Larocque, PhD candidate, University of Ottawa
Cathy Powell, Associate Professor in Public Law, University of Cape Town
Cemil Aydin, Professor of International History, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Ceyda Turan, Lawyer at Turan Law Office
Chaman Lal Retd Professor JNU
Charles des Portes, Teaching Fellow in Political Theory, University of Leeds
Chenjerai Kumanyika, Assistant Professor, NYU Journalism
Chi-Chi Shi, PhD Researcher, Durham University
Chiara De Cesari, Professor of Heritage, Memory and Cultural Studies, University of Amsterdam.
Chiara Pagano, Post-doc, University of Graz
Chris Barker, Assistant Professor, The American University in Cairo
Chris Dole, Professor of Anthropology, Amherst College
Chris Gilbert, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela
Christina Murray, Graduate Student, MAAS, Georgetown.
Christine Hong, Professor, UC Santa Cruz
Christo El Morr, Professor, York University, Canada
Christopher Gevers, School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Christopher Parker, Associate Professor, Ghent University
Christopher Roberts, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Chinese University of Hong Kong
Cigdem Cidam, Professor of Political Science, -union- College Schenectady NY
Cira Pascual Marquina, Professor of Political Studies, Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela
Claire Begbie, PhD student at Concordia University, Montreal.
Claire Gallien, Professor, University Montpellier 3
Clara Han, Professor of Anthropology, Johns Hopkins University
Claudia Dides, Universidad de Santiago.
Claudia Saba, Adjunct Lecturer, Ramon Llull University
Clement Sichimwa, Lecturer and Researcher at University of Zambia
Clíodhna Murphy, Associate Professor of Law, Maynooth University
Clod Marlan Krister Yambao, Asst. Professor University of the Philippines Dept. of Art Studies and Doctoral Research Fellow, Conflict Research Group, Ghent Univesity
Colin Breen, Reader, Ulster University
Colleen Bell, Associate Professor, University of Saskatchewan
Cristiana Fiamingo, assistant prof. University of Milan
Cristina Bacchilega, Professor Emerita, University of Hawaii-Manoa
Curtis F.J. Doebbler, Research Professor of Law, Department of Law, University of Makeni
Cynthia Franklin, Professor, University of Hawai’i
Cyra Akila Choudhury, Professor of Law, FIU College of Law
Dalia Said Mostafa, Associate Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
Damien Short, Professor of Human Rights and Environmental Justice Co--dir-ector, Human Rights Consortium, School of Advanced Study, University of London
Daniel Brown, PhD, LSE Sociology Department
Daniel R. Quiroga-Villamarín, PhD Candidate, Geneva Graduate Institute
Daniel Segal, Jean M Pitzer Professor Emeritus, Pitzer College
Daniel Stein, Assistant Professor, O.P. Jindal Global Law School
Daniela Meneghini ca’ Foscari università of Venice
Daniela Pioppi University of Naples L’Orientale
Daniele Conversi, Research Professor at the Ikerbasque Foundation for Science and the University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Bilbao, Euskadi
Danielle Fernandes, Doctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Dara Leyden, PhD candidate, Queen Mary University of London
Daragh Murray, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, Queen Mary University of London.
Darryl Li, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Associate Member of the Law School, University of Chicago.
David Keane, Assistant Professor of Law, Dublin City University
David Landy, -dir-ector of MPhil in Race Ethnicity and Conflict, Trinity College Dublin
David Leadbeater, Adjunct Professor, Laurentian University, Canada
David Palumbo-Liu, Louise Hewlett Nixon Professor, Stanford University.
David Theo Goldberg, Professor, University of California, Irvine
David van Leeuwen, professor, Radboud University Nijmegen
David Whyte, Professor of Climate Justice, Queen Mary University of London
Dearbhla Minogue, Senior Lawyer at Global Legal Action Network
Deborah B. Gould, Professor of Sociology, University of California, Santa Cruz
Deborah Lawson, PhD Candidate, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool.
Deen Sharp, Visiting Fellow, LSE
Diana Allan, McGill University
Diana Jeater, Professor of African History, University of Liverpool
Diane Lamoureux, professeure émérite, Université Laval.
Didier Fassin, Professor, Collège de France
Dimitri Van Den Meerssche, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London.
Dina Al-Kassim, Professor, University of British Columbia
Dina M. Siddiqi, Global Liberal Studies, New York University
Dina Matar, Professor Political Communication, SOAS
Dino Pancani C, Facultad de Comunicacion e Imagen, Universidad de Chile
Dipti Khera, Associate Professor, New York University
Dolly Kikon, University of Melbourne
Donia Khraishi, Georgetown University
Douaa Sheet, Assistant Professor, American University
Douglas Carson, University College Dublin
Edemilson Paraná, Associate Professor of Social Sciences, LUT University, Finland
Eduardo Villavicencio, PhD Student, Kent Law School.
Edward Brennan, Lecturer, Technological University, Dublin
Edwin Bikundo, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law School
Eftychia Mylona, Lecturer, Leiden University
Egidio de Bustamante, Senior Lecturer, Unit for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Innsbruck.
Ekin Kurtic, Postdoctoral Fellow, Northwestern University
Elena Vezzadini, Research affiliate, Institute for African Worlds
Elif Babül, Associate Professor, Mount Holyoke College
Elif Durmuş, Postdoctoral Researcher in International Law and Human Rights, University of Antwerp
Elisa Giunchi, Professor, Università degli studi di Milano
Elisabeth Weber, Professor of German and Comparative Literature, University of California, Santa Barbara
Elizabeth Shakman Hurd, Professor of Politics and Religious Studies, Northwestern University.
Elora Halim Chowdhury, Professor, UMass Boston
Elora Shehabuddin, Professor, UC Berkeley
Elyse Crystall, Teaching Professor, UNC Chapel Hill
Emilio Dabed, adjunct professor of law, York University, Toronto
Emily J. Sumner, Ph.D. candidate, University of Minnesota
Emily Watkins, Graduate Teaching Assistant/Instructor, University of Kansas
Emma Palmer, Senior Lecturer, Griffith University
Enrica Rigo, Associate professor of law, University of Roma Tre
Eren Duzgun, Assistant Professor of International Relations, University of Cyprus
Eric Hooglund, Editor, Middle East Critique
Eskandar Sadeghi, Associate Professor, University of York
Estella Carpi, Assistant Professor in Humanitarian Studies, University College London
Ettore Asoni, University of Bologna
Eva Nanopoulos, Senior Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London
Fabia Fernandes Carvalho, Assistant Professor, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Fabio Lanza, Professor, University of Arizona
Fabio Marcelli, Senior Researcher of the Institute for International legal studies.
Fadi Ennab, Vanier Scholar/PhD Student, University of Manitoba
Farah Mahmoud, Doctoral Candidate, Florida International University
Farida Khan, Professor, University of Colorado
Fatemeh Shams, Associate Professor of Persian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A
Fathimah Fildzah Izzati, PhD Candidate, SOAS University of London
Fatima Sajjad, Associate professor, -dir-ector Center for Critical Peace Studies, University of Management and Technology Lahore
Fauzia Ahmad, Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths
Féilim Ó hAdhmaill, Lecturer, University College Cork
Felícia Campos, PhD researcher in Islamic & Middle Eastern Studies, University of Edinburgh.
Felicite Fairer-Wessels, emeritus professor, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Fernando Quintana, PhD Student and GTA, Queen Mary University of London, School of Law
Ferran Izquierdo Brichs / Profesor Agregat / Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Fida Adely, Assistant Professor, Georgetown University
Fien De Meyer, PhD, University of Antwerp.
Flagg Miller, Professor, University of California, Davis
Fleur van Leeuwen, Assistant professor in international law, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul
Frances Tanzer, Rose Professor of Holocaust Studies and Modern Jewish History and Culture, Assistant Professor of History, Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University
Francesca Biancani, Associate Professor, University of Bologna
Francesca Romana Ammaturo, Senior Lecturer, London Metropolitan University.
Francis Cody, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Toronto
Francisca James Hernandez, Instructional Faculty, Pima Community College
Fulya Pinar, Postdoctoral scholar, Middle East Studies, Brown University.
Gabriela Kuetting, Professor of Global Politics, Rutgers University-Newark
Gabriele vom Bruck, SOAS.
Gabriele Wadlig, Max Weber Fellow, Department of Law, European University Institute
Gareth Dale, Politics, Brunel University
Gargi Bhattacharyya, Professor, University of the Arts
Gary Fields, University of California San Diego
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Professor, Columbia University
Gearóid Ó Cuinn, Founding -dir-ector, Global Legal Action Network (GLAN)
Gene Carolan, Lecturer in Law, Technological University Dublin
Gennaro Gervasio, Associate Professor, Università Roma Tre
German Correa profesor Universidad de Santiago de Chile.
Germán Santana Pérez, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Ghada Ageel, University of Alberta.
Gha-dir- Zannoun, Associate Professor, University of Kentucky
Gholam Khiabany, Goldsmiths, University of London
Gianfranco Ragona, professor at University of Turin
Gijs Verbossen, Senior lecturer in conflict studies, University of Amsterdam
Gillian Hart, Professor Emeritus, University of California Berkeley
Gillian Maris Jones, Ph.D. candidate, University of Pennsylvania
Giorgia Baldi, Lecturer, University of Sussex.
Giulia Contes, project manger and PhD student, UAntwerpen
Giulia Pinzauti, Assistant Professor of Public International Law, Leiden Law School
Giuseppe Aragno, Storico, Fondazione Humaniter, Napoli
Giuseppe Mastruzzo, -dir-ector, International University College of Turin
Gloria Novovic, Gender, Development and Globalisation Fellow, London School of Economics.
Goldie Osuri, University of Warwick, UK
Golnar Nikpour, Assistant Professor´-or-History, Dartmouth College
Gordon Christie, Professor, Peter A Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia
Goretti Horgan, Senior Lecturer, Ulster University
Greg Albo, professor, Politics, York University
Greg Burris, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.
Guido Donini, former Assistant Professor 0ffof Classics at the University of Chicago
Guillem Farrés Fernández, Professor Lector, UOC
Guillermo Gigliani, Professor, Universidad Nacional de Moreno, Argentina
Hadia Mubarak, Assistant Professor of Religion, Queens University of Charlotte.
Haim Bresheeth-Žabner, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS University of London
Hakeem Yusuf, Professor of Global Law, University of Derby
Hamed Al-Mogarry, Sana’a University.
Hanan Elsayed, Occidental College
Hanan Kashou, Associate Teaching Professor, Rutger University.
Hanan Toukan, Associate Professor, Bard College Berlin
Hannah Birkenkoetter, Assistant Professor, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México
Hannah Boast, Chancellor’s Fellow, University of Edinburgh
Hannah NS Bahrin, PhD student, Queen Mary University
Hannelore Van Bavel, postdoctoral researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & University of Bristol
Harold Marcuse, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
Hasan Basri Bülbül, Assistant Professor of International Law, Boğaziçi University, Turkey.
Hasan Shuaib, PhD Graduate, Rutgers University
Hassan Jabareen, General -dir-ector, Adalah Legal Center.
Hatice Ozturk, PhD student, Georgetown University
Hayley Gibson, University of Kent.
Hazem Jamjoum, Curator, British Library.
Helena Sheehan, Emeritus Professor, Dublin City University
Helga Tawil-Souri, Associate Professor, New York University
Helmi Mohammed Abdo, Sana’a Community College.
Helyeh Doutaghi, Research Scholar, Yale University.
Hesham Sallam, Stanford University
Hilla Dayan, Lecturer, Amsterdam University College.
Hossein Kamaly, Professor of Interfaith Studies, Hartford international University for Religion and Peace
Howard Pflanzer, Adj. Associate Professor, Hunter College
Howard Winant, University of California, Santa Barbara
Howie Rechavia-Taylor, Fellow, LSE
Hulya Dagdeviren, Professor of Economic Development, University of Hertfordshire.
Humeira Iqtidar, King’s College London
Humoud Y. Alfadhli, Assistant Professor of International Law, Kuwait University
Huseyin Disli & Kent Law School/Worldwide Lawyers Association Research and Programmes Executive.
Idil Abdillahi Assistant Professor, TMU.
Ignasi Bernat, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Sociology, University of Barcelona
Inessa Hadjivayanis, PhD candidate, SOAS.
Inge van Nistelrooij, associate professor, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht.
Intan Suwandi, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Illinois State University.
Iqra Anugrah, Research Fellow, International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden University.
Ira Bhaskar, Retd. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Irene Van Staveren, professor of economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Irina Ceric, Assistant Professor, University of Windsor Faculty of Law
Isabel Huacuja Alonso, Assistant Professor, Columbia University
Isabel Käser, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Bern
Isabella Camera d’Afflitto – Honorary Professor, Sapienza università di Roma
Isabelle Mildonian, Graduate, Roanoke College.
Işıl Aral, Assistant professor of international law, Koç University
Isobel Roele, Reader in Law, Queen Mary University of London
Issa Shivji, Professor Emeritus, University of Dar es Salaam
Itziar Ruiz Giménez, Profesora de RRII y Coordinadora del Grupo de Estudios Africanos e Internacionales, UAM
J. Travis Shutz, Assistant Professor, California State University Los Angeles
Jack Halberstam, Columbia University
Jack McGinn, PhD candidate, LSE
Jairo I. Fúnez-Flores, Texas Tech University
Jalal Kawash, Academic, University of Calgary
Jamal Ali, Assistant Teaching Professor, Rutgers University
James Eastwood, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London
Jan Selby, Professor of International Politics, University of Leeds
Jaskiran Dhillon, Associate Professor, The New School
Jasmin Johurun Nessa, University of Liverpool.
Jasmine Barzani, PhD candidate Melbourne University
Jason Beckett, Associate Professor, American University in Cairo
Javier González-Arellano, Profesor asociado de filosofía del Derecho Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
Jay Ramasubramanyam, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Science, York University
Jean Beaman, Associate Professor, Sociology, University of California-Santa Barbara
Jeannette Graulau, Associate Professor, CUNY
Jeff Handmaker, Associate Professor, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Jeffrey Sacks, Associate Professor, University of California, Riverside
Jeffrey Stevenson Murer, Senior Lecturer on Collective Violence, University of St Andrews
Jehan Mohamed, Lecturer, Rutgers State University.
Jenny Phillimore, Professor, University of Birmingham
Jeremy Dell, Lecturer, University of Edinburgh
Jessie Daniels, PhD, Professor, CUNY
Jillian Rogin, Associate Professor (Law), University of Windsor.
Jinan Bastaki, Associate Professor of Legal Studies, NYUAD.
Jo Bluen, London School of Economics, PhD candidate
Jo-Marie Burt, Associate Professor, George Mason University
Joel Gordon, Professor of History, University of Arkansas
Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Associate Professor, Clark University
John Bellamy Foster, Profesor Emeritus, University of Oregon.
John Cox, -dir-ector, Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Human Rights Studies, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
John L. Esposito, Distinguished University Professor, Georgetown University
John Reynolds, Associate Professor of International Law, Maynooth University
Jolanda Guardi, Professor, University of Turin
Jonathan Wheeler, Assistant professor and researcher, National University of Tucumán-CONICET.
Jordan Cortesi, PhD student, University of Kansas.
Jordana Silverstein, Senior Research Fellow, University of Melbourne
Jose Itzigsohn, Professor of Sociology, Brown University
Joseph Elsayyid, Yale University
Juan M. Amaya-Castro, Universidad de los Andes
Julia Dehm, Senior Lecturer in Law, La Trobe University
Julian Go, Professor, University of Chicago
Juliane Hammer, Professor of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Julie Carlson, Professor of English, UC Santa Barbara
Jyotirmaya Sharma, Professor, University of Hyderabad
Kaiya Aboagye, Senior Lecturer, University Western Sydney
Kalbir Shukra, former senior lecturer now independent researcher.
Kanad Bagchi, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Amsterdam
Kareem Rabie, Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago
Karen Crawley, Senior Lecturer, Griffith Law School
Karin Arts, Professor of International Law and Development, International Institute of Social Studies
Karin White, ECCE Programme Chair, Atlantic Technological University
Karma Nabulsi, Professor, University of Oxford
Kasia Paprocki, Associate Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science
Katherine Gallagher, Center for Constitutional Rights
Katherine Natanel, Senior Lecturer in Gender Studies, University of Exeter
Kathleen Lynch, University College Dublin, UCD Professor of Equality Studies (Emerita)
Kathy Engel, Associate Arts Professor, NYU
Katy Kalemkerian, John Abbott College
Kaveh Ehsani, Associate Professor, DePaul University- Chicago
Ken Fero Assistant Professor Coventry University
Kenzie El Bakry, Graduate Social Sciences, University of Düsseldorf
Kevin A. Gould, Associate Professor of Geography, Concordia University
Kevin Skerrett, Adjunct Research Professor, Institute of Political Economy, Carleton University
Khaled Abou El Fadl, Professor, UCLA law School
Kiran Asher, Professor and Chair, Department of Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies, UMass Amherst
Kirsten Forkert, Professor of Cultural Studies, Birmingham City University.
Koen Leurs, Associate Professor, Utrecht University.
Kristina Richardson, Professor, University of Virginia.
Kurt Schock, Professor, Rutgers University, Newark
Laila Farah, Depaul University, Associate Professor
Laila Parsons, Professor, McGill University
Laila Shereen Sakr, Associate Professor, University of California, Santa Barbara
Laith Aqel, Clinical Lecturer in Law, Yale Law School.
Laleh Khalili, Professor, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter
Lana Sirri, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Amsterdam.
Lana Tatour, University of New South Wales
Lara Deeb, Professor of Anthropology, Scripps College
Lara Fricke, PhD candidate University of Exeter
Lara Khattab, Assistant Professor at Mount Allison University
Laura Betancur Restrepo, Associate Professor of International Law, Universidad de Los Andes
Laura De Vos, Assistant Professor American Studies, Radboud University
Laura Fair, Professor, Columbia University
Laura Feliu Martinez, Profesora titular, UAB
Laura Maghețiu, Doctoral Researcher, CLaSP, Queen Mary University of London
Laura McAtackney, Professor of Radical Humanities Laboratory and Archaeology, University College Cork (Ireland) and Professor of Heritage Studies, Aarhus University (Denmark)
Laura Rodriguez Castro, Southern Cross University
Laurie King, Teaching Professor, Department of Anthropology, Georgetown University
Layli Uddin, Lecturer, Queen Mary University of London
Leena Grover, Associate Professor of International Law, Tilburg University
Leila Ullrich, Associate Professor of Criminology, University of Oxford.
Lena Alhusseini, Phd Student, California Institute of Integral Studies
Leo Spitzer, Professor of History Emeritus, Dartmouth College
Leon Sealey-Huggins, Assistant Professor of Global Sustainable Development, University of Warwick
Leticia Rovira-Facultad de Humanidades y Artes- Universidad Nacional de Rosario – Argentina
Leyla Neyzi, Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
Lila Pine, Associate Professor, New Media, Toronto Metropolitan University
Liliana Suárez, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Lillian Robb, PhD Candidate Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Geneva
Lisa Hajjar, Professor of Sociology, UC Santa Barbara
Livia Wick, Associate Professor, American University of Beirut.
Liyana Kayali, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of Sydney
Lori Allen, Reader in Anthropology, SOAS University of London.
Lucia Sorbera, Senior Lecturer and Chair Arabic Language and Cultures, The University of Sydney
Lucia Sorbera, Senior Lecturer and Chair Arabic Language and Cultures, University of Sydney
Luigi Daniele, Senior Lecturer in Law, Nottingham Trent University
Luis Andueza, Lecturer in International Development, King’s College London
Luis Eslava, Professor of International Law, La Trobe University & University of Kent
M. Bahati Kuumba, Professor of Comparative Women’s Studies, Spelman College
M. Muhannad Ayyash, Professor of Sociology, Mount Royal University.
Macarena Aguiló, Académica Universidad de Chile
Madawi Al-Rasheed, Professor, LSE
Madeline G. Levine, Kenan Professor of Slavic Literatures Emerita, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Madina Thiam, Assistant Professor of History, New York University
Maggie Ronayne, Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Maghraoui Driss, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco.
Maha Abdallah, Graduate Teaching Assistant & PhD researcher, Faculty of Law, University of Antwerp.
Maha Nassar, Associate Professor, University of Arizona.
Maha Shuayb, University of Cambridge and Centre for Lebanese Studies.
Maher Hamoud, Associate Scholar, KU Leuven
Mahsheed Ansari, Senior Lecturer, Charles Sturt University
Mahvish Ahmad, Assistant Professor in Human Rights and Politics, LSE & Co--dir-ector LSE Human Rights.
Mairaj Syed, Professor, Religious Studies and Middle East South Asia Studies, University of California, Davis
Maisha Prome, PhD Candidate, Yale University
Maja Janmyr, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Oslo
Malek Abisaab, Associate Professor McGill University
Mandy Turner, professor of conflict, peace and humanitarian affairs, University of Manchester, UK.
Marcela Alvarez Pérez, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Marcela Pizarro , Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London
Margaux L Kristjansson, Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in Native American and Indigenous Studies, Bard College
Maria Bhatti, lecturer, School of Law, Western Sydney University
Maria Cristina Paciello, researcher, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice
Maria Federica Moscati, Reader in Law and Society, University of Sussex.
Maria Haro Sly, Ph.D. Candidate, Johns Hopkins University.
Maria LaHood, Deputy Legal -dir-ector, Center for Constitutional Rights.
Maria Rashid Fellow, Gender Studies Department, London School of Economics.
Maria Tzanakopoulou, Lecturer in Law, Birkbeck, University of London
Mariam Motamedi Fraser, Reader in Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London
Mariana Gkiati, Assistant Professor, Tilburg University
Marianne Hirschberg, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, Germany.
Marieke Potma, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.
Marilù Mastrogiovanni, Adjunct professor in Journalism, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
Mario Novelli, University of Sussex
Marion Kaplan, NYU, Emerita
Marios Costa, Senior Lecturer, City, University of London
Marissa Jackson Sow, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Richmond School of Law
Marjorie Cohn, Founding Dean, People’s Academy of International Law
Mark Goodman, Professor, Sociology, York University, Toronto
Marnie Holborow, Associate Faculty, Dublin City University
Marsha Henry, London School of Economics
Marsha Rosengarten, Professor of Sociology, Goldsmiths University of London
Marta Giallombardo, PhD candidate, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia.
Marwa Daoudy, Associate Professor, Georgetown University
Marwa Neji, researcher, Ghent University, Belgium.
Mary Ana McGlasson, -dir-ector, Centre for Humanitarian Leadership, Deakin University, Melbourne
Mary Ellen Davis, part-time faculty, Concordia University, Montréal
Mary Laheen, Assistant Professor, University College Dublin
Mary Nolan, Professor of History Emerita, New York University
Marya Farah, Legal Researcher
Maryam Aldossari, Associate Professor, Royal Holloway University of London
Matiangai Sirleaf, Professor of Law, University of Maryland
Matt Howard, Lecturer, University of Kent
Matteo Capasso, University of Venice, Italy.
Matthew Cole, Lecturer in Technology, Work and Employment
Matthew Zagor, Associate Professor, ANU College of Law, Australian National University
Maud Anne Bracke, Professor of modern European history, University of Glasgow UK
Maura Finkelstein, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Muhlenberg College
Mauricio Amar, Centro de Estudios Árabes Eugenio Chahuan, Universidad de Chile
Maya Mikdashi, Associate Professor, Rutgers University.
Mayur Suresh, Senior Lecturer, SOAS University of London.
Mazen Masri, Senior Lecturer in Law, The City Law School, City University of London.
Maziar Behrooz, San Francisco State University
Meera Sabaratnam, Associate Professor, University of Oxford
Mehmet Erken, İstanbul University
Mehrdad F. Samadzadeh, University of Toronto
Melania Brito Clavijo, PhD candidate Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Melanie Richter-Montpetit, Senior Lecturer in International Security, Department of International Relations, University of Sussex.
Melinda González, Assistant Professor, Georgetown University
Micah Khater, Assistant Professor, University of California-Berkeley
Michael Daniel Yates, Professor Emeritus, University of Pittsburghersity of Pittsburgh
Michael Fakhri, Professor of Law, University of Oregon.
Michael Lynk, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Western University
Michael Rodríguez-Muñiz, Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley
Michael Rothberg, Professor of English, Comparative Literature, and Holocaust Studies, UCLA.
Michel Feher, Editor/Publisher, Zone books, NY.
Michelle Burgis-Kasthala, Senior Lecturer in Public International Law
Michelle Farrell, Professor of Law, University of Liverpool
Michelle Hartman, Professor, McGill University
Michiel Bot, Associate Professor, Tilburg Law School.
Miguel Valderrama, investigador adjunto Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Diego Portales.
Mikki Stelder, Assistant Professor Global Arts and Politics, University of Amsterdam.
Minoo Moallem, Professor, UC Berkeley
Miriam Ticktin, Professor, CUNY Graduate Center.
Miriyam Aouragh, Professor, University of Westminster.
Mirjam Twigt, Leiden University
Moara Assis Crivelente, Researcher in the Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra
Mohamad Arnaout, Associate Professor, Lebanese International University
Mohamed Adhikari, Emeritus Associate Professor, History Department, University of Cape Town
Mohamed Ali, PhD Candidate, Georgetown University
Mohamed Mathee, Senior Lecturer, University of Johannesburg.
Mohamed Sayed, Associate instructor and PhD candidate at Indiana University
Mohamed Wajdi Ben Hammed, Assistant Professor at UC Berkeley
Mohammad Ataie, Lecturer, University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Mohammad Fakhreddine, Assistant Teaching Professor, Georgetown University
Mohammad Shahabuddin, Professor, University of Birmingham
Mohammed Abukhdeir. Abukhdeir family President
Mohammed Sawaie, Professor, University of Virginia
Mohan Rao, former professor at JNU, New Delhi
Mohsen al Attar, Reader, Associate Dean, XJTLU
Mona Baker, University of Oslo
Monisha Das Gupta, University of Hawaiʻi
Mridula Mukherjee JNU India Retired Professor
Murad Idris, Associate Professor, University of Michigan
Myria Georgiou, Professor, LSE
Mythri Jegathesan, Associate Professor, Santa Clara University.
Nabil Al-Tikriti, Professor, University of Mary Washington
Nabil Salih, graduate student at Bard College
Nada Elia, Visiting Professor, Western Washington University
Nadeem Karkabi, Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Haifa
Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Lawrence D Biele Chair in Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Global Chair in Law, Queen Mary University of London.
Nadia Abu El-Haj, Ann Whitney Olin Professor, Barnard College & Columbia University.
Nadia Ahmad, Associate Professor of Law, Barry University PhD Student, Yale School of the Environment
Nadia Guessous, Colorado College
Nadia Silhi Chahin, PhD researcher, Law School – University of Edinburgh
Nadine El-Enany, Professor of Law, University of Kent.
Nadje Al-Ali, Professor of Anthropology and Middle East Studies, Brown University
Nahla Abdo, Professor, Carleton University.
Naiefa Rashied, Lecturer: School of Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Nalini Mohabir, Associate Professor, Concordia University.
Namita Wahi, Senior Fellow, Centre for Policy Research.
Nancy Gallagher, professor emerita, UCSB
Nandini Chandra, Associate Professor, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Naomi Taub, Postdoctoral Fellow, UCLA
Naoual El Yattouti, PhD Researcher University of Antwerp
Natalie Kouri-Towe, Associate Professor, Concordia University
Natasha Iskander, Professor of Urban Planning and Public Service, New York University
Natasha Remoundou, Lecturer, University College Dublin
Nathalie Khankan, Continuing Lecturer, UC Berkeley
Nathan Patz Professor of Law, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Nathaniel George, Lecturer in Politics of the Middle East, SOAS, University of London
Naveed Ahmad Mir. PhD student and GTA, Kent Law School.
Naveeda Khan, Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins University
Nazia Kazi, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Stockton University.
Nesrine Badawi, Associate Professor, The American University in Cairo
Niall Meehan, Head, Journalism & Media Faculty, Griffith College, Dublin (retired)
Niamh Rooney, Assistant Lecturer, Dept. of International Development, Maynooth University
Nichola Khan. Professor, University of Edinburgh
Nicola Perugini, Associate Professor, University of Edinburgh.
Nicola Pratt, Professor of the International Politics of the Middle East, University of Warwick
Nicola Soekoe, Counsel, Pan African Bar Association of South Africa (PABASA).
Nicole Beardsworth, Wits University
Nicole Ranganath, Assistant Professor, UC Davis
Nicos Trimikliniotis, Professor, University of Nicosia.
Nida Kirmani, Associate Professor, Lahore University of Management Sciences
Nikhita Mendis, Anthropology PhD Student, University of Chicago
Nimer Sultany, Reader in Public Law, SOAS University of London.
Nimet Cebeci, PhD Candidate, Harvard University
Nina Eliasoph, University of Southern California
Nina Farnia, Assistant Professor, Albany Law School
Nisha Kapoor, Associate Professor, University of Warwick
Nivi Manchanda, Reader in International Politics Queen Mary University of London
Noah Salomon, Associate Professor, University of Virginia
Noam Peleg, Senior Lecturer, UNSW Law and Justice
Noga Wolff, Independent Scholar
Noor Gieles, MD & PhD student, Amsterdam UMC.
Nora E.H. Parr, Research Fellow, University of Birmingham
Norma Rantisi, Concordia University.
Nour El Kadri, Professor, University of Ottawa
Noura Erakat, Associate Professor, Rutgers University, New Brunswick
Noura Nasser, PhD student, LSE.
Noureddine Jebnoun, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University
Ntina Tzouvala, Associate Professor ANU College of Law.
Nusrat S Chowdhury, Associate Professor, Amherst College
Oishik Sircar, Professor, Jindal Global Law Schoo
Olga Grau, Universidad de Chile
Olga Touloumi, Associate Professor, Bard College
Oludamini Ogunnaike, University of Virginia
Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Georgetown University
Omar Al-Ghazzi, Associate Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science
Omar Farahat, Associate Professor, McGill University
Omar Jabary Salamanca, Postdoc Fellow, Université libre de Bruxelles.
Omer Bartov, Samuel Pisar Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Department of History Faculty Fellow, Watson Institute for International & Public Affairs, Brown University.
Omid Safi, Professor, Duke University
Omnia El Shakry, Professor of History, Yale University
Omr Kassem, University of Chicago
Orla Kelleher, Assistant Professor, School of Law and Criminology, Maynooth University
Osama Siddique. Inaugural Henry J. Steiner Professor of Human Rights. Harvard law School.
Osman Bakar, Professor of Islamic Thought, International Islamic University Malaysia
Othman Belkebir, Ph.D researcher, Geneva Graduate Institute.
Oudai Tozan, PhD candidate, researcher, and tutor at the University of Cambridge
Ozlem Biner Senior Lecturer in Anthropology, SOAS
Pablo Oyarzun R., Universidad de Chile.
Padraig McAuliffe, School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool
Paola Rivetti, Associate Professor, Dublin City University
Paola Zichi, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Warwick Law School
Patricia Sampedro, postgraduate student in International Development at the University of Oxford
Patrick Shi Timmer, Postgraduate Student, King’s College London.
Paul Michael Garrett, PhD, D. Lit, MRIA, University of Galway
Paula Chakravartty, James Weldon Johnson Associate Professor of Media Studies, NYU
Pauline Martini, Doctoral researcher, Queen Mary University of London.
Pere Franch, Professor of Journalism and International Relations, Blanquerna School of Communication and International Relations
Pete W. Moore, Associate Professor, Case Western Reserve University
Peter Drury, Kent Law School, PhD Student.
Peter Hallward, Professor of Philosophy, Kingston University UK
Pietro Masina, professor, University of Naples L’Orientale.
Pınar Kemerli, Assistant Professor, Bard College
Polly Withers, Leverhulme ECF, LSE
Pooja Rangan, Associate Professor of English in Film and Media Studies, Amherst College
Popy Begum, Saint Louis University.
Praggya Surana, PhD student at the Graduate Institute, Geneva
R. Brian Ferguson, Rutgers University-Newark
Rabea Eghbariah, SJD Candidate, Harvard Law School.
Rachad Antonius, retired full professor, Université du Québec à Montréal
Rachel Brown, author of Defusing Hate: A Strategic Communication Guide to Counteract Dangerous Speech
Rafael Quintero Godinez Affiliation: Lecturer, Birmingham City Law School
Rahima Siddique, Phd Student, University of Manchester.
Rahul Rao, Reader, University of St Andrews
Rami G Khouri, American University of Beirut.
Ran Zwigenberg, Associate Professor of Asian Studies, History, and Jewish Studies, Pennsylvania State University.
Rana Kazkaz, Associate Professor, Northwestern University Qatar
Rana Khalaf, PhD, Centre for Conflict and Humanitarian Response – University of Manchester
Randa M. Wahbe PhD student Harvard University
Randa Tawil, Texas Christian University
Randle DeFalco, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa William S. Richardson School of Law
Rania Muhareb, PhD researcher, Irish Centre for Human Rights, University of Galway
Raphael Salkie, Emeritus Professor of Language Studies, University of Brighton
Rasha Bayoumi, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Birmingham
Rashid Yahiaoui, Assistant Professor, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar.
Ratna Kapur, Professor, Queen Mary University of London
Raz Segal, Associate Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Stockton University.
Razan AlSalah, Concordia University.
Rebecca Ruth Gould, Professor, SOAS University of London.
Reem Abou-El-Fadl, Senior Lecturer in Comparative Politics of the Middle East, SOAS University of London
Reem Al-Botmeh, Lecturer, Institute of Law, Birzeit University
Reem Awny Abuzaid, PhD candidate, University of Warwick
Renate Bridenthal, The City University of New York
Renisa Mawani, Professor, Sociology, University of British Columbia.
Reuven Pinnata, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Washington.
Rhys Machold, Senior Lecturer, University of Glasgow
Ricarda Hammer, Assistant Professor, UC Berkeley
Richard Clements, Assistant Professor, Tilburg Law School
Richard Falk, Professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University.
Richard Marcuse, Anthropology, formerly University of Victoria
Richard Wild, Principal Lecturer in Criminology, University of Greenwich
Rita Sakr, Maynooth University
Robert Crews, Professor of History, Stanford University
Roberto Filippello, Assistant Professor at University of Amsterd.
Rochelle Davis, Sultanate of Oman Associate Professor, Georgetown University
Rodante van der Waal, PhD-candidate, University for Humanistic Studies.
Rodrigo C. Bulamah, Professor, State University of Rio de Janeiro
Roger Heacock, Professor of history emeritus , Birzeit University, Palestine
Rohini Sen, School of Law, University of Warwick.
Ronak Kapadia, Associate Professor, University of Illinois Chicago
Ronit Lentin, Retired Associate Professor of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin
Rose Parfitt, Senior Lecturer in International Law, University of Kent.
Rosemarie Buikema , professor of art, culture and diversity
Rosie Bsheer, Associate Professor of History, Harvard University
Roxana Pessoa Cavalcanti, University of Brighton
Roxana Pey, académica Universidad de Chile.
Ruba Salih, Professor, Università di Bologna.
Ruth Fletcher, Reader in Law, Queen Mary University of London
S. Hasan Mahmud, retired professor Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
S. Sayyid, Professor of Decolonial Thought and Social Theory, University of Leeds.
S. Yaser Mirdamadi Researcher and lecturere at the Institute of Ismaʼili Studies, London.
Sa’ed Atshan, Associate Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies and Anthropology, Swarthmore College
Saada Hammad, part time instructor, Holt Spirit University of Kaslik.
Saadat Umar Pirzada, Assistant Lecturer, PhD Candidate, Kent Law School.
Sabreena Ghaffar-Siddiqui Sheridan College
Sacide Ataş, Ph.D. Candidate, Istanbul Medeniyet University
Sadiyya Haffejee, Associate Professor, University of Johannesburg.
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ط.ا)

إن طلب جنوب أفريقيا "يدين بشكل لا لبس فيه جميع انتهاكات القانون الدولي من قبل جميع الأطراف، بما في ذلك الاستهداف المباشر للمدنيين الإسرائيليين وغيرهم من المواطنين واحتجاز الرهائن من قبل حماس والجماعات الفلسطينية المسلحة الأخرى". لكنها تذكّر المحكمة بما يلي: "لا يمكن لأي هجوم مسلح على أراضي دولة ما، مهما كانت خطورته - حتى الهجوم الذي ينطوي على جرائم فظيعة - أن يقدم أي مبرر محتمل أو دفاع عن انتهاكات [اتفاقية الإبادة الجماعية] سواء كان ذلك مسألة قانون أو أخلاق."

وخلافا للعديد من جوانب القانون الدولي، فإن تعريف الإبادة الجماعية واضح ومباشر .
THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND
PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (1948)
https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/Genocide%20Convention-FactSheet-ENG.pdf
لكي يتم تصنيفها على أنها إبادة جماعية أو محاولة إبادة جماعية، لا بد من شيئين. أولاً، النية المحددة لدى مرتكب الجريمة لتدمير كل أو جزء من مجموعة قومية أو إثنية أو عنصرية أو دينية محددة. ثانيًا، ارتكاب فعل واحد على الأقل من الأفعال الخمسة المحددة المصممة لتحقيق ذلك.

إن التماس جنوب أفريقيا إلى محكمة العدل الدولية مليء بالأمثلة الواضحة والمقنعة بشكل مروع، والتي تحدد الإجراءات الإسرائيلية التي تتطابق على الأقل مع ثلاثة من الأفعال الخمسة التي تشكل إبادة جماعية عندما ترتبط بنية محددة. وتشمل هذه قتل أعضاء الجماعة، والتسبب في ضرر جسدي أو عقلي خطير لأعضاء الجماعة، وربما الأكثر دلالة على غرض الإبادة الجماعية، خلق "ظروف حياة مصممة لتحقيق تدميرهم الجسدي". وكما توثق جنوب أفريقيا، فقد أظهرت إسرائيل للعالم، بمستويات غير مسبوقة في القرن الحادي والعشرين، كيف تبدو تلك الظروف.
Gaza: Unprecedented and unparalleled civilian death toll: Guterres
https://palestine.un.org/en/253284-gaza-unprecedented-and-unparalleled-civilian-death-toll-guterres

ولأغراض محددة، تشير جنوب أفريقيا إلى عشرات التصريحات التي أدلى بها القادة الإسرائيليون، بما في ذلك الرئيس ورئيس الوزراء ومسؤولون آخرون في الحكومة، وكذلك أعضاء الكنيست والقادة العسكريون وغيرهم.
Law for Palestine Releases Database with 500+ Instances of Israeli Incitement to Genocide – Continuously Updated
https://law4palestine.org/law-for-palestine-releases-database-with-500-instances-of-israeli-incitement-to-genocide-continuously-updated/
وبعد أن اعتادوا على عقود من الإفلات من العقاب بدعم من الولايات المتحدة، اكتسب المسؤولون الإسرائيليون الجرأة، واصفين علناً عزمهم على تنفيذ "نكبة أخرى"، للقضاء على غزة بالكامل، وحرمان أي تمييز بين المدنيين والمقاتلين، وتدمير غزة وتسويتها بالأرض. لتحويلها إلى ركام، ودفن الفلسطينيين أحياء، من بين العديد من التصريحات المماثلة الأخرى.

وتشمل لغتهم اللاإنسانية المتعمدة وصف الفلسطينيين بالحيوانات، ودون البشر، والنازيين، والسرطان، والحشرات - وكل اللغة مصممة لتبرير محو المجموعة بأكملها أو جزء منها. وذهب رئيس الوزراء نتنياهو إلى حد استحضار آية كتابية عن عماليق (من الاساطير البهودية. ط.ا)، وأمر بـ”إبادة السكان بالكامل، وعدم الإبقاء على أحد، رجالاً ونساءً وأطفالاً ورضعاً وماشية”.

قد تكون الولايات المتحدة أيضًا متواطئة في الإبادة الجماعية الإسرائيلية
ويركز الالتماس المقدم إلى محكمة العدل الدولية بشكل حاد على انتهاكات إسرائيل لاتفاقية الإبادة الجماعية. فهو لا يتعامل مع تواطؤ الحكومات الأخرى، والأهم بالطبع دور الولايات المتحدة في تمويل وتسليح وحماية إسرائيل أثناء قيامها بأعمال الإبادة الجماعية.

ولكن الدور النشط الذي لعبته الولايات المتحدة في الهجوم الإسرائيلي، رغم أنه لم يكن مفاجئاً، كان صادماً بشكل خاص. وباعتبارها دولة طرفا في اتفاقية الإبادة الجماعية، فإن الولايات المتحدة ملزمة بالعمل على منع أو وقف الإبادة الجماعية. وبدلاً من ذلك، رأينا الولايات المتحدة لا تفشل في الوفاء بالتزاماتها بالمنع فحسب، بل إنها بدلاً من ذلك تقدم الدعم الاقتصادي والعسكري والاستخباراتي والدبلوماسي لإسرائيل أثناء تورطها في فظائعها الجماعية في غزة.

وعلى هذا النحو، فإن هذه ليست مجرد حالة تقاعس الولايات المتحدة في مواجهة الإبادة الجماعية (وهي في حد ذاتها انتهاك لالتزاماتها القانونية) ولكنها أيضًا حالة تواطؤ مباشر - وهي جريمة متميزة بموجب اتفاقية الإبادة الجماعية. قام مركز الحقوق الدستورية، نيابة عن منظمات حقوق الإنسان الفلسطينية والأفراد الفلسطينيين والأمريكيين الفلسطينيين، برفع دعوى أمام المحكمة الفيدرالية الأمريكية في كاليفورنيا تركز على تواطؤ الولايات المتحدة في أعمال الإبادة الجماعية التي ترتكبها إسرائيل.
Palestinians Sue Biden for Failure to Prevent Genocide, Seek Emergency Order to Stop Military and Diplomatic Support for Israeli Government’s Assault on Gaza
https://ccrjustice.org/home/press-center/press-releases/palestinians-sue-biden-failure-prevent-genocide-seek-emergency

شكوى جنوب أفريقيا بخصوص الإبادة الجماعية هي صرخة استنفار للمجتمع المدني
وفي موقف مثل هذا، والذي يحيط به التواطؤ الغربي الصادم من جانب والفشل الذريع للمؤسسات الدولية الذي تغذيه الضغوط الأميركية من جانب آخر، فإن مبادرة جنوب أفريقيا أمام محكمة العدل الدولية قد تحمل أهمية تتجاوز القرار النهائي للمحكمة.

تأتي هذه القضية في سياق التعبئة غير العادية للاحتجاجات، والالتماسات، والاعتصامات، والاحتلال، والعصيان المدني، والمقاطعة، وأكثر من ذلك بكثير من قبل المدافعين عن حقوق الإنسان، والناشطين اليهود، والمنظمات الدينية، والنقابات العمالية، ومنظمات المجتمع المدني ذات القاعدة العريضة. الحركات في جميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة وحول العالم.

وعلى هذا النحو، فإن هذه الخطوة تضع جنوب أفريقيا، وربما محكمة العدل الدولية نفسها، إلى جانب التعبئة العالمية لوقف إطلاق النار، وحقوق الإنسان، والمساءلة. ولذلك قد تكون إحدى أهم قيم قرار محكمة العدل الدولية هذه هي استخدامه كأداة لتصعيد تعبئة المجتمع المدني العالمي التي تطالب حكوماتها بالالتزام بالالتزامات المفروضة على جميع الأطراف في اتفاقية الإبادة الجماعية.

وكما كان متوقعا، فقد رفضت إسرائيل بالفعل شرعية القضية أمام المحكمة. وانطلاقاً من ثقتها بأن الولايات المتحدة وحلفائها لن يسمحوا بمحاسبة إسرائيل، تواصل الحكومة الإسرائيلية بتحد هجومها الدموي على غزة (وكذلك الضفة الغربية). وإذا نجحت إسرائيل والمتعاونون معها في الغرب مرة أخرى في عرقلة العدالة، فإن أول الضحايا سيكون الشعب الفلسطيني. ومن ثم فإن مصداقية القانون الدولي نفسه قد تضيع كأضرار جانبية.

إلا أن القرار الذي اتخذته محكمة العدل الدولية في جنوب أفريقيا قد فتح صدعاً في جدار الإفلات من العقاب الذي دام 75 عاماً، والذي بدأ ضوء الأمل يشرق من خلاله. إذا تمكنت الاحتجاجات العالمية من اغتنام الفرصة لتحويل هذا الصدع إلى بوابة أوسع نحو العدالة، فقد نرى بدايات المساءلة الحقيقية للجناة، وإنصاف الضحايا، والاهتمام بالأسباب الجذرية للعنف التي طال إهمالها: الاستعمار الاستيطاني، الاحتلال وعدم المساواة والفصل العنصري.
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المقالة
https://www.counterpunch.org/2024/01/10/a-crack-in-the-75-year-old-wall-of-impunity-south-africas-court-challenge-of-israeli-genocide/