Countries which have failed to gain the social capital how they achieve sustainable

Report by: Faten khater

Years ago, the political science thinkers coined so-called The Social Capital , which includes in part of its concept instilling confidence between the government and the citizen while making the citizen perform all demands because heshe is confident in the performance of governments to ensure the achievement of the public interest

Recently, some major countries, top industrial entities and active organizations have started to focus towards the so-called achievement of sustainable development goals what they represent the most effective responsiveness to global climate change, and the dissemination of this concept in the widest geographical range, so let we know how do citizens in Arab world and Middle East feel about the performance of governments? What is sustainable development? Is it possible to achieve development under the current
? circumstances

Repression, violence and a state of boiling
According to the conclusion of the Arab opinion index for the year (2019-2020) in a series of annual public opinion polls conducted by the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies in Doha, the vast majority of citizens of the Arab world and the countries of the Middle East are dissatisfied with the performance of governments.
Anger continues, and dissatisfaction among citizens is what shapes the relationship between citizens and the state in the Arab world, specifically the Arab Spring countries, while countries seek to adapt and often fail to fulfill promised reforms, resorting to repression and violence, both of which contribute to the widening gap between the citizen and the state, according to the Carnegie Center s 2018 report on the future of the Arab world2.

Sustainable Development is to achieve economic, social and environmental and the balance between the present and the future that is to achieve development that meets the needs of the present without prejudice to the needs of the future, while achieving a continuous balance between the environment and humans.

Culture of sustainable development
in its general concept is evolution and growth, and it is a behavior in dealing with the self, the world and the matter, that is, it is a behavior in maintaining the survival and preservation of the self and the world around us, which participate human and environmental elements, in the sense that, with regard to sustainability, it is the behavior of governments, industrial entities, individuals dealing with their needs and with realistic and potential resources, existing and that can be found, whether at the human´-or-environmental level, and it is also a clear and ideal dealing with local and global emerging resources and problems, watch the following in a deep look.

Garbage is a danger to poor countries, if we ask simple questions about an important element that has been dealt with for many years in most countries of the world and still constitutes a major crisis in most countries of the world, especially developing and poor countries, garbage.
.
What exactly is garbage? How are they classified? Does garbage differ from country to country? Does garbage have a serious impact on citizens in poor countries? How to safely separate litter? Are there UN initiatives to deal with garbage´-or-recycling safely? What is the fate of atomic and technological waste? Are individuals introduced to reducing the use of environmentally harmful and unsafe substances? All these questions are the responsibility of the whole world to answer and deal with them honestly to achieve real development.
It is also transforming it into a culture that will not spread´-or-be useful unless a degree of social justice is achieved, even partially, and a local and global commitment that guarantees development in the present and establishes a moderate future in a safe and inclusive world, in which there individuals are still suffering from lack of water and food.

The Reports of the World Bank s 2018, and monitoring confirm that solid waste management is a global issue, and with more than 90% of waste dumped´-or-incinerated, developing and the poor countries, the poor and vulnerable citizens are the most influential´-or-at high risk.

In recent years, landslides have buried homes and people under piles of garbage, and the poorest are those who live near landfills and recycle waste by collecting it, making them more vulnerable to serious diseases

Poor waste management pollutes oceans and blockages drains, causes flooding, increases respiratory problems, harms waste-consuming animals, and affects economic development in generation is alarmingly increasing, as countries develop rapidly without adequate systems to manage changing waste for citizens.

The report issued by the World Economic Forum for 2019 monitored that poor countries are the ones who bear the burden of global waste with the death of (14000000) million and four thousand people annually in developing countries due to diseases caused by poor waste management, and with the increase in the prosperity of countries, rapid urbanization and population growth, the disaster is becoming more huge, especially with the difficulty of collecting information and identifying treatment sites for many local sites and administrations, and waste accumulates faster in countries that are less able to deal with it and it is expected that by in 2050, total waste generation in the South of Africa s desert will triple its current size.

The danger of wars and internal conflicts, Sudan as a model

It must be emphasized that to achieve the goals of sustainable development to transform those goals into a general culture based on the special identity of peoples, and to reach a comprehensive common understanding of the meaning of sustainable development and its effects on the present and future, whether at the level of major countries´-or-poor and less poor countries that face severe political and economic crises that may threaten the global development goals in general, the state of Sudan, for example, is now suffering from internal wars and political instability, and it is a common area with some African countries, which have commitments in one of the most important current crises are water,


As the remnants of wars and internal conflicts have a profound impact on the environment and humans alike, 48 million people are affected by this crisis, conflict and forced displacement have caused high rates of malnutrition and forced more than 1.8 million people to flee their homes, according to Action Against Hunger, Even those who have money do not have access to food, markets are closed, many agricultural activities have stopped 6

Currently, Sudan is experiencing a severe Chorale outbreak exacerbated by the ongoing conflict and displacement of people, over 60,000 cases of acute watery diarrhea-chorale have been reported since August 2024, with more than 1600 Cholera related deaths recorded across Sudan.
Last December, the demand for oral cholera vaccines exceeded 5.5 million doses, according to international reports.


Dealing with the most important current environmental crises

The most dangerous crises are lack of both water, energy and high temperatures in addition to food loss and land, labor, energy used in food production and distribution represent the waste of resources.
Some countries are starting to activate industrial measures and use technological mechanisms to conserve energy and reduce heat emissions. This may be good if not have a gradual impact on humans and laborers that may threaten a greater danger´-or-represent a threat to health safety measures.

Conclusion
No development in light of severe political and economic crises.
No development under laws that serve one class´-or-group without the other. This will result in continuous instability, we need to take all measures and cooperate each other and learn more clean simple safe healthy lifestyles and spread this culture to all social levels in a human way, and renounce the culture of consumption and destructive social demonstration, life and the world will not grow, develop, organize´-or-continue except by activating safe solutions, real efforts, activating fair laws that guarantee all individuals a life, moderately safe in the present and future.



Resources:
The 2019-2020 Arab opinion, main results in brief, Arab Center Washington DC, Nov 16, 2020.
https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/the-2019-2020-arab-pinion-index-main-results-in-brief/

Intissar Fakir and Sarah Yerkes, governance and the future of the Arab world, Carnegie endowment for international peace, 2018.
https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/16/governance-and-future-of-arab-world-pub-77501

What a waste, The World Bank, September 20, 2018.
The last resource.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/immersive-story/2018/09/20/what-a-waste-an-updated-look-into-the-future-of-solid-waste-management

This is what the world s waste does to people in poorer countries, World Economic Forum, May 16 2019.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/05/this-is-what-the-world-s-waste-does-to-people-in-poorer-contries/
3.
Sudan: Malnutrition, cholera and malaria under the violence, Action Against Hunger Organization, 15 June 2023.
https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/en/press/two-months-into-the-conflict-in-sudan-malnutrition-cholera-and-malaria-under-the-violence/

Global food loss and waste, The World Bank
https://worldnuclearwastereport.org/

Cem Dilmegani, top 10 sustainability case studies & success stories in 2023, Updated on February 9, 2023.
https://research.aimultiple.com/sustainability-case-studies/

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