Philosophical Equations

Any theory could be expressed by an equation. From this perspective, philosophical theories could be presented in mathematical equations, clarifying their contents.This is a useful method for explaining any philosophical theory. An example of this method is the following:

Defining Philosophy: Philosophical Equation

Philosophy = analyzing concepts + explaining natural phenomena + solving intellectual problems + critical thinking (i.e. evaluating theories and arguments in light of logical and rational reasoning).

Some other examples of presenting philosophical theories through relying on philosophical equations are the following:

Platonism (i.e. the philosophy of Plato): Philosophical Equation

Platonism = idealism + realism + rationalism.

Plato is an idealist because he believes that the Forms are ideal. He is a realist because he believes that the Forms are real, i.e., they actually exist. Plato is also a rationalist because he believes that logical and rational reasoning without relying on the senses leads us to knowledge.

Plato’s Idealism: Philosophical Equation

Plato’s Idealism = the Forms exist in an abstract and ideal realm separate from the material universe + our material universe consists of shadows of the ideal Forms.

Plato s theory of knowledge: Philosophical Equation

Knowledge = belief + justification + truth.

We know that P = we believe that P is true + we are justified in believing that P is true + P is, in fact, true.

Other philosophical equations are possible, such as:

Rationalism versus Empiricism: Philosophical Equations

Rationalism = a priori reasoning + innate beliefs.

Empiricism = a posteriori reasoning + no innate beliefs.

Realism versus Antirealism: Philosophical Equations

Philosophical Realism = the world is mind-independent + truth is correspondence to reality + universals exist (such as existing in an abstract realm).

Philosophical Antirealism = the world is mind-dependent + truth is demonstrability (i.e. ability to prove) + universals don’t exist (except as ideas´-or-words).

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