Political stability and its impact on the political development in Algeria

Most political Systems seeks to strengthen its relationship with their peoples with a view to achieving political stability, which is one of the most important priorities of any political system, which has become necessary requirement to achieve political development has dealt with many of the studies political stability issue it represents one of the indicators to measure political development.
Political stability and the political development in Algeria to highlight the social, economic and political crises that faced the Algerian political system and led to political instability since 1980s s last century and the aggravation of the situation with the arrest of the social since January 1992, and entrance to Algeria in a wave of violence resulted in political instability.
And here we have the problem:
What is the guarantee political stability? and the extent of its impact on the political development in Algeria?
Political stability is one of the ends of the different political systems seeks to create a climate for the implementation of appropriate governmental and developmental programs and lines of different fields, in the political sphere is considered necessary to achieve stability is a prerequisite for political development that is considered one of the most important goals of other systems.
Known as political stability, according to Hassan Musa al-Saffar, that: "The presence of acceptable system of relations between the forces of the nation and its outskirts offset by, in the case of disorder, where the creative parties with some uncomfortable hostility and conflict between arduous. " (1)
where this definition to the weakness of the relationship between the components of the State to the political instability to deal with the crisis facing successfully and its ability to manage conflicts within communities. (2)
The term political stability also to stability and balance reflecting the stability of the system, as is the phenomenon of relative refers to the process of gradual change and planning within the political system through its ability to manage conflicts and crises within the community without the use of violence (3).
The back of the term political stability since Greek era, we find that the Plato addressed to the subject of the political stability of a psychological perspective, which was mentioned in the theory of won three layers, the eventual Arisrto to address the phenomenon of political instability in the political systems based on the nature of the constitutions of the political system and their insistence on the extent of the validity of the principles of justice through distributed for positions in the state. (4)
while another category of researchers know as schools which belong to it such as the school building blocks for example and behavioral behavioral school had been linked to political stability political violence, where, I mean, to see the absence of political violence (5), and the system of peace obedience to the law, which occur where the political and social changes and the decision-making process in accordance with the procedures and not as a result of institutional acts of violence (6) indicators of political stability.
stability Political core indicators was as follows:
1-the pattern of transfer of authority to the State:
if the process of transition to what is constitutionally recognized, it is an indication of the phenomenon of real stability, but if the process of transition through military coups and interventions, this is an indication of the lack of political stability, (7) Therefore, stability requires possession of the ruling political legitimacy because the government has the legitimacy of high-characterized by great effectiveness in policy making and implementation, (8) which meets the needs of the community and, therefore, creates a relationship Reza between political system and the people, which lead to political stability.
2-government stability:
continuing changes in the government ministries, and specifically in the schedule is an indication of political instability, as measured by the number of times the changes carried out by President appointed a minister in the year, (9) stratified for this change the lack of clarity of the deadlock in the Ministry s policies, which lead to disable some special interests and disrupting the interests of citizens stability requires respect for legal custody Prime Minister during ministerial changes and thereby achieve stability of the Government in the absence of political assassinations, which reflect the poor relationship between the formations within the Government, which is leading to political instability.
3-the absence of political violence:
known political violence as the use of physical force´-or-the threat of the use of force to achieve political goals, (10) multiplied by forms of political violence the form of political assassinations, Coups and coup attempts´-or-rebellions, as reflected political violence in the form of the work of the people and political detention, (11) Although the difference the sign between researchers in the political sociology on the definition of political violence, but there is almost a consensus that the violence is bad, (12) that a political violence within the State to the political instability, which requires the need for resorting to the method of dialog in order to avoid violence and political stability.
Mechanisms of political stability:
political stability requires a series of mechanisms represented in three mechanisms are:
1-Democracy:
that democracy is the most important factors of political stability, therefore, because the peaceful rotation of power and the existence of Parliament representing various political forces and parties social groups, and the political and party pluralism, rule of law, to be paid to political participation, which is based on the legitimacy (13) States which have the freedoms and give their people their rights in countries, most of which are stable, and to be able to meet the challenges and risks, and states that exercise policy eradication mentality and prevent people from some trifle political rights it states threatened stability (14) Therefore, democracy means important mechanism to achieve political stability and maintain it.
2-political effectiveness:
intended to political effectiveness of the capacity of the system to find political and policy alternatives to satisfy a majority of the parties within the State, in the view of "David Easton " in this regard that the political system, to be able to change the policy and decisions commensurate with economic and social changes occurring in the internal environment is the system that can achieve its legitimacy and ensure political stability, (15) if the political institutions a mere administrative structures through which individuals achieve their personal interests without the interests of the public and not lost the capacity to respond to internal changes, the outrage by citizens, which threatens the stability, and here political stability requires the effectiveness and viability of the capacity of political institutions and political
3-integration value system: the phenomenon of
community pluralism is a global phenomenon, but the difference between States in this multi-strategies is ruling elites in dealing with this phenomenon, some States have succeeded in showing proper strategies and --convert--ed this pluralism component to enrich, and others failed to do that, (16) as soon appear in these States ethnic conflicts, which could affect its security and stability, and the State of the nation State of political stability and mislead national unity is a state of integration and unity, which the people have to be established in order to avoid ethnic conflicts (17) and achieve political stability, which requires integrated And coexistence between different ethnic groups within the State Secondly:
the political development of early definitions that were given to those identified by political development as a mere search for change and this is included in a number of studies, which believes in the political development of the States and communities in which acquisition of achievement and improve the capacity of the public, (18) and Gabriel almond through his approach constructivist political career development concept, as it reflects the capacity of the system to achieve political differentiation architectural career and specialization, which refer to the operations that change the roles and become more specialized. (19) while also known to others on it in response to the political changes, whether within the community either within international environment (20), and the most important crises of development Le Monde political crisis, the crisis of the State, State-building, participation crisis distribution crisis.
The Samuel Huntington, linked to the political development of trying to political society to achieve a form of political unity (21) , and also linked to political modernization being as its consideration of synonymous with political development (22) legitimation others as the process whereby more power and the disparity in political structures and buildings and institutions and increasing political participation, (23) we note that the Hentgtoun had focused in its concept of development to rationalize political authority through the realization of the principle of the circulation and reduce corruption within them to achieve the principle of job specialization and non-interference between political structures and institutions.
The Lucien any" known as the process of social change, multi-pronged by access to the level of industrial countries, (24) and the "no" in his book (manifestations of political development) elements of a new pattern of the concept of political development, gesture." starting point in the analysis of the curricula in the --dir--ection of the most classic (25), we note that in any way linked to the political development brought up a model political development in industrial countries through the achievement of the principle of equality and improving the level of competencies political structural and --function--al differentiation, and linking any political development of the capacity of the system to a group of political crises, represented in a crisis of legitimacy and the crisis of participation distribution crisis identity crisis crisis crisis integration penetration.
In another --dir--ection consider "David Apter" to political development as a universal and therefore at the examination of political systems, focus is on the update, which is one of the factors contributing to the transition from traditional situation to the case of modernity26 ).
As for Ahmad Wahban, defined as the process of complex political goals aimed at consolidating the idea of citizenship And investigative integration and stability within the society and increasing rates of public participation in political life, the efficiency of the Government with regard to the distribution of economic resources available values as well as the legitimization of power. (27)
The concept of political development Multiple overlapped and vary from researcher to another, there is of the view that the political development, democratization and political participation and legitimacy and stability, there is of the view that the political development is the ability of the system to achieve social justice and building new economic structures and ensure participation (28), and we find the researchers of linking development indicators beyond a political crisis is the crisis of legitimacy crisis, political participation, distribution crisis, a crisis of identity crisis, penetration, and indicators of political development, according to some researchers.
It is during previous definitions despite differences between the various researchers and thinkers, political development can be defined as the process´-or-the change, which is aimed at political structures of the system and its relationship with foreign environment represented in the people through the realization of the principle of participation and legitimacy, which would lead to the achievement of the political and national unity.
INDICATORS OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT:
and the indicators of political development:
1-the existence of legitimate political system:
the legitimacy of one of the most important indicators of political development, they reflect the state of consent by the people toward the political system has faced difficulties researchers an enemy in a common definition of this term in the generality, therefore, it requires many of the studies and research to develop this term within the concept of unified standards and criteria by which to measure legitimacy, )29) political legitimacy when Ibn Khaldoun Center as a means of holding between Prince their attempts will destroy´-or-the People, where similar to this contract, a contract between the seller and the buyer and the contractual relationship of mutual consent between the two parties mentioned. (30)
The Donna Rouberson Dafen in his study on political legitimacy in Israel, defined as a sense of people that they belong to the body of one political institutions and that the task of this body, whatever their nature belongs to them and that their specific political decision is important in the industry, (31) the political legitimacy of the system will lead to stability, which leads appropriate climate for development programs and schemes, which reflected The rational policies responsive to the aspirations of the people, in order to achieve legitimacy, the government should work of this body, whatever their nature belongs to them and that their specific political decision is important in the industry, (31) the political legitimacy of the system will lead to stability, which leads appropriate climate for development programs and schemes, which reflected The rational policies responsive to the aspirations of the people, in order to achieve legitimacy, the government should work to raise the standard of living of citizens and to improve their material and improve their living conditions. (32).
2-the existence of political participation:
different definitions of political participation, as did not reach jurists and scholars IGAD policy-encompassing definition to participate (33) and between tariffs, which was given to political participation, the definition of "facilitators" Winer, defined as optional activity aimed at influencing the choice of policies at the local level´-or-national activity, whether this is successful organized´-or-non-organized continuous´-or-temporary, (34) is known as political participation as well as "the degree of attention to the citizen, inter alia, policy decision-making, the more the political decision of the citizens the stronger political decision, (35) and to participate political image of multi-start from a mere interest in the case and follow-up to general political events Symbols and knowledge and political figures, passing through to vote in the elections, and to join the political parties elected councils and stand on the local and the national levels. (36) The importance of political participation in the fact that it is open to all segments of society to provide their views and comments on the course of the political system, whether it is a matter´-or-awards programs and policies, which opens the way for this chipset for creativity and thus achieve political development in particular.
3-justice in the distribution of wealth:
the justice in the distribution of wealth to the ability of the State to achieve the principle of social justice in various aspects as restorative justice in the distribution of wages and justice in the distribution of positions and justice in declarations, there is discrimination between citizens and between cities and villages on the basis of religious´-or-political´-or-tribal, the greater the ability of the State to the distribution and fair, the greater the rate of Reza 37) citizens on the system, if I said this capacity, this increased the sense of economic deprivation, leading to an increase in the absence of consent, in the view of Zuhair Arab "that social justice means that the individual is taking´-or-submit to others, including not to exceed the-limit-s of personal benefit for the rest of the individuals (38), and is influenced by the principle of equity in the distribution of wealth at the borders of the imbalance in the distribution of resources and methods occupied units and wealth of society and its staff, as in the case of monopoly of a few individuals community wealth and choices, (39) is associated with the principle of justice in the distribution of wealth closely linked to political participation of citizens in the case of satisfaction of the political system, which leads them to political participation .
4-loyalty of the citizens of the State:
Is this indicator in creating common sense and configured between members of the same society and their loyalty to the State, not to national social sub-units were tribal´-or-ethnic´-or-religious (40), which would strengthen national unity and in the case of the loyalty of citizens to the State, we will face a crisis of identity, where it is difficult to explosion of all members of the community in the crucible one beyond their traditional´-or-narrow and overcome the effects of the transition to modern society, various complications, feeling of belonging to the community and unite with him (41), were also absent in the idea of citizenship among the members of the human community groups, appointed by the absence of political allegiance consolidated, which go to the Government of one national, (42) and requires the identification´-or-loyalty of citizens of the State of the majority of the political community common identity and respect for national symbols and faith Voluntary optional of belonging to the Territory, which is covered by the State (43).
5-penetration of the State in all their territories:
embodied State control of all parts of the territory of the mobilization of all part within the territory, when we say that, I mean, political mobilization mobilization كسريان electoral process in all parts of the Territory and the presence of the State in all over the homeland, economic dependence of the unit of currency and economic policy, and the control of the State to ease the penetration and speed in non-proliferation, the ability of the State to penetrate in all its territory also reflected in the ability of the Government to the work of the law and policy and in general throughout their territories so as to apply these policies and laws on all those who live in the Territory (44), and highlights the importance of the control of the State to all its territory in their ability to see the problems and needs of citizens and protect outer border areas of the embargo.
The nature of the relationship between political stability political development:
the nature of the relationship between political stability and development of political legitimacy, participation is perceived in the distribution of wealth, where the emphasis on three elements seen --dir--ect relationship stability and political instability, which have large manifestations in the political crisis in Algeria.
The stability necessary requirement to achieve legitimacy from two sides: on the one hand the people s approval of the performance of the Government and the legitimacy of institutions, it is the first if there is deterioration in political stability within the State will lead to erosion of legitimacy of the political system.
and the authority in this case, provide necessary stability so that the production of credentials and its presence, and therefore seek different political systems to achieve political stability through the improvement of the image of the internal public opinion through the adoption of policies, plans and programs to meet the aspirations and concerns of citizens, which arise in relation to Reza Beit these systems and those of citizens, which leads to calculate these systems political legitimacy, because the latter reflect the peoples and the political system, the second of the institutions and legitimacy implies the way that was formed by these institutions could be formed through a coup´-or-forged elections and this would lead to a state of dissatisfaction and thus a state of instability, and thus also one of the most important requirements of legitimacy, it is allowed to organize the elections, which is considered one of the tools To achieve legitimacy, and if there is a situation of instability downright political assassinations which one of orientalists for elections, this would lead to the disruption of the electoral process and thus disrupt legitimacy, we note also that most of the regulations containing conflicts that may arise from the use of political violence, except in the most-limit-ed to achieve political stability and in support of their legitimacy and effectiveness. (45)
-linked to political stability Political Participation:
requires political stability to be political system, embodied in the will of the public and be able to articulate their interests 46) through political participation, we find a group of countries, which suffer most vulnerable in political stability disrupted the relationship between Governments and their peoples, as these peoples aspire to greater role in political participation and in the exercise of their rights and freedom as the rest of the peoples of the world of a democracy (47) political participation, the involvement of citizens in Labor decision-making and change the stakeholders and this is what leads to rise and dimensions of political violence of the political system (48) and thus achieve stability.
The relationship between political stability Political Participation requires the presence of the interpretation, the former makes political participation as a tool to achieve stability, the second interpretation confirms that the scope of participation, which would impose hegemony on the political institutions, the lead´-or-leads to instability, (49) (49) and underline the importance of political participation in the fact that it is also legitimate to gain political system through peaceful rotation of power, they are considered to be effective and rational way in achieving the aspirations and concerns of citizens away from means other negative sabotage acts non-peaceful demonstrations, which would affect the political stability.
Justice linked to political stability in the distribution of wealth:
linked to the principle of justice in the distribution of wealth linked to political stability, which refers to the state of peace and the absence of political violence, the absence of justice and an end to the economic and social disparities between the groups lead to relative deprivation, which, in turn, to the feeling of frustration and persecution on the level of the individual and anger and indignation of the social collective level groups, which leads to violence against the regime and its leadership, (50) and result in a situation of instability, in the face of this situation is the governments to respect the principle of justice in distribution Avoid Violence And anger community to achieve political stability away from racial discrimination, religious´-or-political, if the economic and social disparities that lead in addition to the above to the absence of political stability during the explosion of existing contradictions and divisions, which leads The violent unrest in various forms such as civil wars and separatist (51). Conclusion:
in conclusion to say We conclude that political stability is a relative concept, as researchers differed in the definition and its indicators, but refers to a state of stability in any political system away from the ministerial changes, and use the political violence and enjoy the political system of the legitimacy of the political stability is also affected by political factors some political rigging´-or-cancellation of elections´-or-governmental and other changes, as well as affected by economic factors such as the lack of justice in the distribution of income and wealth, as well as social factors in the response to the aspirations and concerns of the citizens and improve their living conditions, as well as for political development several crises such as political participation and crisis of legitimacy crisis identity crisis and a crisis of distribution and other.
Réference:
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20-Mohammad Alalanaini, op. cit. , p01.
21-Ibid. at p12..
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26-Abdel Karim, Hisham, op. cit. , p49.
27. Amer Ramadan,´-or-thin, op. cit. p55.
28-with Zachariah, "The role of the political development in the --function--ality of the local elected, study the case of the popular mandate authority devotes tear, note master political science International Relations, Department of Political Science International Relations, Faculty of Political Science and International Relations, University of Yousef bin Charging Pod, Algeria, 2009, p22.
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31-rigid Abdul rigid stone arches and others, the capitalist system Arab Studies, Dr. S. N, p24.
32-an appeal Sadeq al-Sharifi, op. cit.,p131.
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35-International Center in future studies and strategic program, "Youth culture", a symposium youth political participation, Wednesday16/8/2005, p08.
36-an appeal Sadeq al-Sharifi, op. cit.,p132.
37-Zuhair al-Araji, social justice and controls the distribution of wealth in Islam, I1-P,1415)p25.
38. Amer Ramadan .Abou daui, p63.
39-the Repertory itself, p62.
40-OSAMA Ghazali war, political parties in the world, the National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature, September 1987, p31.
41-Ahmed Wahben underdevelopment, political goals and political development, op. cit. p25.
42-an appeal Sadiq al-Sharifi, op. cit.,p130.
43-Ahmed Wahbani, underdevelopment political goals and political development, op. cit., p81.
44. Abdul Nour, Bin Antar, op. cit.,p01.
45-Naji Azoz, Mohammad Abdel Qader, "The concept of political instability", civilized dialog, the number22191, on 14/2/2008, P.01
46. Amer Radwan Abou daui, op. cit.,p113.
47-Hassan Mustafa Asafari, Hassan Moussa, op. cit. p22.
48-Foka, Malika Boudiafe, op. cit.,p15.
49-Dabbour, Amin Mohammed, "studies in political development, political science, economics department, Islamic University, 2011-2012, p61.
50-Alaiani, Mohamed, op. cit.,p01.
51-Ibid. at p25.

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