Corruption In The Former European Soviet Republics

Marwan Hayel Abdulmoula
2014 / 1 / 1

Political corruption is the use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an office holder constitutes political corruption only if the act is -dir-ectly related to their official duties, is done under color of law´-or-involves trading in influence, but There is a view that corruption is acceptable tolerated. According to one argument in the history of many countries (Indonesia, Thailand, Korea) were periods when the economy grew at the same time and corruption, but overreliance on the fight against corruption to the detriment of the cause can deprive administrative system flexibility, and the population of civil liberties .
The effects of the reorganization of the political power after the collapse of communism in the states of the post- Soviet -union- allow to notice the fact that, the peoples kept their fidelity towards the hierarchy , indifferent even if the hierarchy is old´-or-corrupt officials from the previous communist system without separation from the communist mentality , which move with very slow steps towards the new democratic world , liberalism , human rights, real multiparty system such as in some of the republics of the former Soviet -union-, Russia , Ukraine and Belarus , Moldova
Historically, the political organization of many post socialist states in Eastern Europe has been dominated by a single-party monopoly and a certain category of political faces , Until the Arrive Gorbachev , which initiated a policy of glasnost (openness) in the Soviet -union-, and emphasized the need for perestroika (economic restructuring). The Soviet -union- was struggling economically after the long war in Afghanistan and did not have the resources to control Central and Eastern Europe , The Soviet economy developed as a highly integrated complex where parts were closely related to each other, although intra-division of labor was not always justified from the point of view of development of the productive forces , and after the collapse of the USSR in most former Soviet republics (except the Baltic states, have taken a clear course for EU membership) appeared tendency toward mutual integration .
new Integration processes in the post-Soviet -union- countries are linked primarily with Russia, because Russia is the core of the former Soviet republics with more economic resources , and a strong economy today means power , influence, protection , prestige , there are many factors affecting the integration of many former Soviet republics such as :
1- Prolonged cohabitation of peoples within one state , and the desire of the population in the countries of the former Soviet -union- to preserve and maintain a sufficiently close relationship.
2- Economic, political necessity . Western countries were reluctant to accept the post-Soviet states, with all their problems , Russia in this respect adhered a different position , Russia has initiated steps towards rapprochement of the countries in this space.
3- Technological interdependence enterprises , which were built on common standards ,the same character engineering training.
It should be noted that for the first time after the collapse of the USSR, the situation in Russia s policy in relation to post-Soviet countries resembled zugzwang position in chess, when all the moves are forced . At the time, Russian foreign policy was developed in relation to neighboring countries. .
Today, the only real and strong power in Russia is - the power of the President , The President may replace one official to another. But it can not replace all , authorities have to rely on personal loyalty irresponsible bureaucracy , In general the main cause of corruption - lack democratic of power ,and Russia problem in the two competent leader, which decide among themselves how to live the country and who will be the next first face of the State, many thousands of responsible and authorized managers regularly revocable at their posts , in the end I remind that the authoritarian government always eager to get back under the slogan of national salvation and survival
Policies of the ruling elite in Russia becomes suppression mechanisms aimed at controlling freedom of the press, independence of the justice system, and further individual rights , The ruling group can use punitive legislation to strengthen their control over society and the persecution of political opponents , The areas of activity that are most susceptible to corruption in Russia are :
- Customs service
- Police
- Judiciary
- The tax authorities
- Medical organizations
- traffic police
Russia is a huge country with great economic and political potential , but the problem of democracy remain under the control of the authorities especially the president , and without the participation of the people , in difficult political situation Russia blame in the presidential control partly to blame America and the West which have not stopped the information psychological warfare against Russia , which give the reason to leads to further the control of the Russian power by one person it is the president and his party .
Ukraine is in a difficult political and economic situation , but the corruption there has become a social phenomenon that has a distinct political background , and the corruption there often caused completion the careers of politicians and statesmen, governments , leads to a change of political regimes and the decline of states.
recently in Ukraine The Cabinet of Ministers approved a bill , On amendments to some legislative acts , to implement the recommendations of the European Commission in the field of state anti-corruption policy “ Planned to increase the criminal penalties for corruption offenses for both physical , and legal persons, enter the external controls with respect to asset declarations , Revenues, expenses and financial character establish responsibility for the promise undue advantage and its adoption “.
Ukrainians can work in difficult condition , but they are difficult to understand how they can work for yourself and for their state , because the level of corruption is very high has become one of the threats to national security, Ukrainians have a crisis of honest political leaders , and political parties there in majority dependent finance on outside sponsors simultaneously Ukraine accompanied by plundering the wealth , for many years lives in the decay and catastrophes in Ukraine carries out the wrong polls and wrong vote in elections and Opposition not learned to lose .
run for president, Viktor Yanukovych has made the fight against corruption one of the leading slogans of his campaign , there were even some legislative efforts, started a lot of talk about fight against corruption , but for practical measures it is very difficult and does not exist ,because corruption and nepotism , heritage Sovietization still very strong exists in society , where now in Ukraine ---function---ing in society, two subsystems - formal and informal, almost equal in their influence and power.
Corruption can undermine the main foundations of the state, the judiciary prosecutors , most importantly the trust of citizens in the law and Success in tackling corruption also depends on how free are the media and their representatives can freely perform investigative reporting and Parliamentarians and policy makers must start with yourself , and political initiative to start a real fight against corruption in Ukraine should be from the parliament , because the Parliament is takes laws that ensure transparency of state system and for a long time, corruption was so familiar that it is now difficult to eradicate and government at all levels has not made insufficient efforts to combat corruption.
Belarus ratified and strictly carry out such major international acts, such as the Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption and Currently, along with the Law "On Combating Corruption" basic legal acts aimed at fighting corruption are also laws of the Republic of Belarus "On the Prosecutor s Office of the Republic of Belarus", "On Civil Service in the Republic of Belarus", "On Declaration individuals income, assets and sources of funds "," On measures to prevent legalization of illegally obtained "and" On the fight against organized crime .
Among the identified corruption crimes are the most common abuse of office, forgery and taking bribes for assisting commercial entities to conduct transactions in violation of the current legislation. Become widespread the practice of bribery´-or-receiving illegal compensation officials via intermediaries , the facts to which members of the governing bodies, law enforcement and regulatory authorities of illegal business activities, Splice with the crime for the benefit of extracting personal selfish benefits in the form of bribes and various kinds of other services , but special concern is penetration of corruption in law enforcement agencies.
the lack of democracy in Belarus , and the long time of government of the state with the President Lukashenko , as well as news about corruption in Belarus , the officials are very little talk about it , Belarus is a closed society and the media under the control of the state security , but all such known that in Belarus spreads a lot of corruption under the control of the former Soviet Belarusian officials and officers of the security forces, some of them are still working in the field of political activity and business Belarus.
here are some species the Belarusian corruption and crime committed by Belarusian officials :
- malpractice among public officials
- Government corruption (corruption of government officials) - commercial corruption (corruption firm managers) - political corruption (corruption of politicians).
- entrepreneurial bribe (from the legal firm) - criminal bribery .
- cash bribe-sharing services (patronage, nepotism).
Corruption is described in the media as a serious barrier to the healthy development of society, the social evil, requiring intervention and elimination. But an effective fight against this scourge is impossible without enough complete and accurate knowledge of its essence , and in the presence of democracy and transparency , non-governmental organizations , which are absent in Belarus .
The existence of systemic corruption in the Republic of Moldova has a negative impact on the external and the internal politics of the state , moreover Moldova is on a par with countries that are considered the most corrupt in Europe. This causes a serious review existing anti-corruption measures and to eliminate gaps by legislative regulation of these issues.
corruption in the Republic of Moldova is the result of inadequate control systems and preventing corruption , imperfection of methods for tracking and punishing too complex , imperfect legislation, and even the majority of Moldavian citizens think that the phenomena "corruption", "normal" which can not be avoided.
In Moldova still do not realize that modern corruption - it is not an elementary criminal legal phenomenon that could qualify a particular norm of the Criminal Code as a separate offense, but Corruption should be treated as a criminological and socio-economic phenomenon, having multi-structured and multi-level content in a meaningful amount which includes a complex heterogeneous types of socially dangerous acts. It s safe to say that corruption spreads in all spheres of public life.
If the government does not win corruption, then the threat hovering over the modernization of the country, on the progress of EU integration. This statement was made by Prime Minister Iurie Leanca at the National Conference "Progress and Prospects in the fight against corruption. he added, in recent years we have had situations that have shown that this phenomenon has reached a level that could threaten national security.
In Moldova, corruption - it s a business , and not malpractice, bribery, bribe-taking, abuse of power , Corruption is a serious problem in present-day Moldova. and a significant portion of the Moldovan economy is still in the black´-or-gray area. Because of this, seriously inhibited many processes associated with significant public expenditure: such as large-scale construction´-or-purchase.
the liberal media in Moldova touted as the country successfully tackle corruption. Actually articles "Young Democrats- the fight against corruption" do not correspond to reality .
read here what the diplomat in Chisinau talk about the corruption in the R .Moldova :
- U.S. Ambassador to Moldova William Moser, high-level corruption hinders Moldovans change the mentality , and Moldovan judges must prove that they do not take political decisions, and those who were involved in corruption scandals should lose immunity , When the activity state institutions riddled with corruption, people can not live in freedom. It is very important for Moldovan citizens to show their desire to politicians to fight corruption at the highest level, both in the field of justice and in the government sector. Nobody has to pay the judge for a decision no one should pay a bureaucrat to get a building permit, people must believe that their police protect them No official is above the law, - concluded the U.S. Ambassador to Moldova .
- German Ambassador to Moldova Matthias Meyer said that corruption in Moldova eerily strong , According to the diplomat, the potential German investors primarily interested in the conditions patronage business in Moldova. "Businessmen from Germany coming to Moldova, first of all ask how things are going in terms of relations with the tax authorities, the State Registration Chamber, from this point things get complicated , he said that in Moldova "emerging forms of corruption have become so strong that it scares".
Later in the media were made public telephone recording head MSTI Nicholas Vikol, including with the Prime Minister, from which it follows that Vikol received telephone instructions on how to proceed with respect to those´-or-other companies.
German Ambassador told why Moldova can not get into the European ----union----. According to Matthias Mayer, the level of corruption in Moldova leaves no chance for full membership in the European ----union----.
- Civic Congress activists announced that the delegation of the EU in Moldova ----dir----k Schubel and European Commissioner for Neighbourhood Policy Stefan Fule aware of embezzling EU grants designed to strengthen security on the border, but they are not doing anything in this regard.
according to the rating Transparency International, if last year Moldova has 94 place on the level of corruption, but in this year it fell on the 102 line. Experts blame the authorities in these indicators and the lack of political will.
In Moldova, there are still these types of corruption :
- Extortion ("state racketeering") practiced by officials having discretionary power to discourage anyone obtaining licenses, special permits´-or-any other services under the purview of official , Faced with extortion by a public servant, an individual faces a choice: either to pay a bribe (with the risk of exposing)´-or-appeal the actions of civil servants through internal´-or-external oversight body. The decision depends on how costly appeal process, as well as citizen knowledgeable about their legal rights and responsibilities of civil servants.
- Collusion occurs under the same conditions as extortion, but differs in that is beneficial to both parties and the transaction is prejudicial to the state. For example, in exchange for a bribe, the customs officer may understate the amount of imports and thereby reduce the amount that the firm must pay the importer on duties. In the transaction may also be involved structures responsible for oversight official.
Among other areas of corruption in Moldova the most profitable , sale of state assets, in particular the privatization of public enterprises , Appointment to senior positions in government .
and me , for example, I was a victim of act of the corruption in the Republic of Moldova with the evidence in hands , but and the competent authorities can not do anything , and my case is evidence that corruption in Moldova reached a dangerous level , and how to deal with corruption in a country where money talks .
Corruption always and at all times gave rise to the state management system and should be described as a natural phenomenon of modern society , Corruption may be exposed to any person who has discretionary authority - any authority over the distribution of resources not owned by him at his discretion (official, deputy judge, law enforcement officer, administrator, examiner, etc.). The main incentive for corruption is the possibility of obtaining economic profit associated with the use of power, and a major deterrent - the risk of exposure and punishment .


Dr/ Marwan Hayel Abdulmoula
[email protected]








Add comment
Rate the article

Bad 12345678910 Very good
                                                                                
Result : 90% Participated in the vote : 18